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| Telecommunication Stuff |
| This blog provides many articles related to telecommunication, data communication and engineering. And all of these articles are helps to understand concepts behind them. |
| Language: English |
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| Main Distribution Frame (MDF) |
| 2011-03-20 00:27:54 |
This article gives you a some picture of Main Distribution Frame (MDF). Main Distribution FrameJumper wire punching Tool Arrestor is used for protect MDF telephone connection from lighting.punching jumper wire to MDF Arrestor Main Distribution Frame (MDF) ...
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| In Band and Out of band signaling |
| 2011-03-13 06:25:06 |
InBand signaling - In-band signaling is the sending ofvoice data and control information in the same voice band (300Hz to 3.4 kHz) onthe same channel, as used for data. Ex-When we dial a number this number is encoded and transmitted across thetelephone line as Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) tones. This tone is handedby the telephone exchange switch. Then the switch is routed the call accordingto the Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) tones. When the trunk circuits were inidle (not in use), it would have a 2600 Hz signal (single tone).A failure inthe trunk circuit facility would cause the absence of 2600 Hz tone. Thiscontrol toned is gone through same channel which voice data is g...
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| Digital Transmission |
| 2011-03-13 06:06:11 |
Thefundamental transmission concept is to transmit the minimum possible frequencyor the bandwidth with maximum possible number of channels or the bit rate.Whenwe consider the analog transmission we can’t transmit much distance thandigital transmission. Therefore we need to use small bandwidth. Using thatsmall bandwidth can transmit much distance. Therefore we use modulationtechniques to reduce the bandwidth. FDM multiplexing system iscombining number of channels to convey over common transmission medium. Majoradvantage of analogue transmission is occupied band width is low When we usefrequency modulation in low pass filter there are two, out come upper sidebandwidth and lower side bandwidth. By choosing the lower side bandwidth we canreduce bandwidth of the sign...
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| Intenet Access Technologies in Srilanka |
| 2011-02-17 03:55:10 |
Internet access Technologies Broadband Narrow-band Description ADSL Yes Uses typical twisted pair cable that come home. Maximum downstream up to 8 Mbps. Divide the voice and data signals on the telephone line into three frequency bands. Internet Leased Line Yes Internet leased lines are usually available at speeds of 64k, 128k, 256k, and 512k, T1 or E1). Any speed required. Permanently connected to the other Optical Fiber Yes Technology which bring fiber step closer to the subscriber. In Sri Lanka vastly used in large organizations. Can go up to speed of up to 1 Gbps HSPA Yes Supports data rates up to 14 Mbit/s in the downlink and 5.8 Mbit/s in the uplink. In Sri Lanka do not provide u...
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| Access Network |
| 2011-02-17 03:48:41 |
We learn about basic networkin basic telecommunication networks to understand their principals andoperation. The main and the very important network is access network when someoneon the basic learning. An access network (OutsidePlant) is the network that has series of wires, cables and equipment lyingbetween a consumer and service operator. This is the only one network customercan see from this eyes. Block Diagram of Access NetworkExchange – Exchange is hecenter where the switching equipments and DSLAM placed. Switching equipmentconnects the customer to caller party by analyzing the dialed number. And DSLAMis used to provide the DSL service to customers. And MDF stands for maindistribution frame. The MDF is a termination point within the local telephoneexchange where exchange equipm...
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| Time Switching & Space Switching |
| 2011-02-17 02:30:05 |
Space switchingWhen we consider Spaceswitching there is a dedicated path (two parallel wires) established betweenthe caller and called subscribers for the entire duration of call in theexchange by the switch.It was originally designed for analog networks, but is used currently in bothdigital and analog switching. This means then the conversation isgoing on the switch create the link between two sides. At that time only that call is going in the path.Spaceswitching TimeswitchingWhen weconsider Time switching, it was coming when the PCM is introduced. This switching system involves the sharing ofcross points for shorter periods of time. It uses to interchange time slots.When the E1 are coming to the Switch, it routs the path accordion to ...
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| E1 carrier Bit Rate |
| 2011-02-15 04:13:54 |
E1 carrier comes with European digital transmissionformat devised by the ITU-TS (International Telecommunication Union TelecommunicationStandardization Sector). This name is given by the Conference of EuropeanPostal and Telecommunication Administration (CEPT). Normally E1 carrieroperates on European and some Asian countries. But E1 is equivalent standard ofthe T1 carrier system in North American. E2 through E5 are carriers in increasing multiples ofthe E1 format. But in the Industry only E1 and E3 versions are used. ActuallyE1 is transmitted as 32 time slots and E3 is capable of carrying 5120timeslots.Thereare two time slots for framing (For synchronization) and another one for signaling(For allocating call set...
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| Teletraffic Engineering |
| 2011-02-12 04:26:22 |
Today I’m going to explain some importantwords and their definitions in Tele-traffic engineering. These terms arevery important and extremely useful when calculating offered traffic in a trunkor getting calculations.CongestionCongestion occurswhen the number of packets being transmitted through the network approaches thepacket handling capacity of the network.Most networks starts dropping packets when they are overloaded and thisphenomenon is called congestion.Networks provide congestion –controlmechanism to prevent this problem. Congestion control aims to keep number ofpackets below a level at which performance falls off dramatically. The congestion in the packet switchingnetwork appears due to packet handling capacity of the network...
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| Wireless Broadband Solutions Available Today |
| 2011-02-11 21:52:33 |
WiFi(Wireless Fidelity) -. Wi-Fi is the shortform for Wireless Fidelity. Wi-Fi is a simple, cost-effective way to connect tothe Internet, to other Computers and to other Wi-Fi-enabled devices (such ashigh-end Mobile Phones), without the need to physically connect wires betweenthe two Computers/ devices. WiFi is working on unlicensed spectrum at 2.4 GHz. In today's wired WiFihas a lot of advantages. Wireless networks are easy to set up and inexpensive. Itdo not need for long Network Cables, it also does not need a Network Socket forevery Computer. There is less implementation cost. The disadvantages are cantgo more distance with in wifi zone and three are lot security factors.Microwave Links - Microwavelinks are fixed-wireless broadband systems and were around long be...
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| Revolution of Telephone Switching |
| 2011-02-08 22:23:36 |
Manual Switch – In the telephone exchange all subscribers are connected to a centralswitch and it is manually operated by an operator. If a person want to callanother person first he or she should call to telephone exchange. There is aperson who can connect the two subscribers together by plugging in theexchange.Strowger Switch - Every subscriber line ended at the Strowger switch with a relay, referred to asline relay. This switch had stepping relays that worked according to the dialpulses. Upon completing one digit, the first stepping relay wouldactivate another stepping relay. Complete connection was achieved by serial activation of several steppingrelays. The line relays were connected to an electromechanicaldevice called line ...
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